The term finance arises only in the Middle vekove.Parvonachalno it has been associated with usury, fraud or just scams. Only in the 17th century with finances assigned revenue and expenditure of the state .. Finance is an independent scientific discipline whose object is the state financial sector.
Finance set of techniques by which to manage money in the national economy. Finance cash flows (revenues and costs) of the state and individuals and entities.
Finance is subject to the movement of money associated with the formation and use of budgets and liquidity investments in real assets to state and others. Finance in terms of a developed commodity proizvodstvovo have monetary relations. Money along with the implementation of purely monetary function, are manifestation of Finance.
Finance can be defined as a tool for cash management and financial relations are separated into two large groups:
In fiscal nature - expressing the cash flows of the State and are reflected in the state budget and extrabudgetary accounts
With non-fiscal nature - express cash flows of all non-fiscal enterprises, institutions, those of the individual families and individuals and their balancing.
Priemaiki Finance as such property for cash management should be noted that cash, respectively fininansovi relations are separated into two large groups:
Money (financial) relationship of a fiscal nature - cash Ar. revenues and expenditures of state and their balanced and which are otrazh.v DB
Money (financial) relations with non-fiscal nature - express cash receipts and expenditure of everything that we nefisksirani or other Non-governmental enterprises, organizations, institutes and others. Finance functions are internal and external.
In economic terms, the financial system is relatively independent set of cash flows or financial relations and the institutional - a set of institutions that regulate, implement, monitor and manage financial affairs. Financial system can be viewed in 2 dimensions - economic and institsionalen.
In economic terms, the financial system is relatively independent set of cash flows or financial relations and the institutional - a set of institutions that regulate, implement, manage and monitor financial otnosheniya.Ot economic perspective the financial system, can be distinguished into two main structural units:
1) The fiscal financial relationships that comprise and express revenue and expenditure of state
2) No fiscal financial relationships that comprise and express receipts and expenditures of legal and natural persons. In expanded form the units of the financial system are the following:
Fiscal-financial government revenues, expenditures, budget and extrabudgetary funds, which can be centralized and decentralized konsolidarni
No fiscal finances - finances entities, banking, insurance, social security semezhni finance and international finance.
The central authorities of the financial system are: Ministry of Finance and Bulgarian National Bank, which supervise banks and non banking financial institutsii.Samostoyatelni units are organizations and insurance funds and social security, which are typically autonomous, but under state supervision . The mission of financial intermediation is expressed in the mobilization of available funds or capital from one country and targeting them for placement in their use of them in need of economic subekti.V close relationship and interdependence with the financial system and money are treated, and days, they are an important part in a market economy in general and the financial system in particular. The modern concept of finances and financial systems cover only or not primarily fiscal finances. Are subject to fiscal discipline "Public Finance".
Financial markets are two types: short-and long-term or money, or capital stock exchange.